Carte-de-visite
These were small cards, the size of a formal visiting card about 4 1/2 x 2 1/2 inches (11.4 x 6.3 cm), with a black-and-white photograph attached, often of a celebrity. They were invented in 1854 by A.A.E. Disderi and were hugely popular in the 1860s and often collected in Victorian portrait albums. The backs of the cards were normally printed with the photographer's name, address and insignia.
Florence Nightingale
by William Edward Kilburn
(circa 1856)
NPG x46634
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
by Robert Howlett, published by London Stereoscopic & Photographic Company
November 1857
NPG x4836
Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope
by Disdéri
circa 1860
NPG Ax30358
Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein
by Camille Silvy
1860
NPG x74548
(Johanna) Therese Carolina Tietjens (Titiens)
by Adolphe Paul Auguste Beau
1860s
NPG x74495
Rose Leclercq
by Southwell Brothers
1860s
NPG x74531
(Johanna) Therese Carolina Tietjens (Titiens)
by Adolphe Paul Auguste Beau
1860s
NPG x74495
Alfred William Garrett; William Alexander Comyn Macfarlane; Gerard Manley Hopkins
by Thomas C. Bayfield
1866
NPG P453
Kalulu (Ndugu M'hali)
by Henry Morris
1873
NPG x76514
Sir Henry Morton Stanley; Kalulu (Ndugu M'hali)
by London Stereoscopic & Photographic Company
1872
NPG x45981
Jean-Léon Gérôme
by Ferdinand Mulnier
late 1870s
NPG Ax17864
Thomas Carlyle
by (Octavius) Charles Watkins
1875
NPG Ax5087