King James II
(1633-1701), Reigned 1685-88Later Stuart Portraits Catalogue Entry
Sitter associated with 134 portraits
James II became king in 1685 as his brother Charles II left no legitimate heir. Before inheriting the throne, James took an active role in politics. He championed English commercial interests, becoming governor of the Royal Fisheries Company and the Royal Africa Company which had a monopoly over the trade in enslaved Africans across the Atlantic. A convert to Roman Catholicism ruling a largely Protestant population, he advocated greater tolerance towards Catholics in his Declaration of Indulgence of 1687. When the Archbishop of Canterbury and six bishops requested he reconsider, they were arrested. In 1688, a group of Protestant nobles asked William, Prince of Orange to come to England with an army. James fled to France, where he lived in exile for the rest of his life, while William of Orange and his wife Mary, James's Protestant daughter, reigned in Britain.
King Charles I; King James II when Duke of York
after Sir Peter Lely
photogravure, published 1902 (1647)
NPG D42688
King Charles I; King James II when Duke of York
after Sir Peter Lely
hand-coloured photogravure, published 1902 (1647)
NPG D42687
after Sir Anthony van Dyck
hand-coloured photogravure, published 1902 (1635)
NPG D42689
after Sir Anthony van Dyck
photogravure, published 1902 (1635)
NPG D42690
published by John Player & Sons, after Unknown artist
colour relief halftone cigarette card, 1935
NPG D48143
by John Smith, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, circa 1683-1729
NPG D19547
by and published by Jan Verkolje, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, 1684
NPG D19505
by John Smith, published by Alexander Browne, after Nicolas de Largillière
mezzotint, 1686
NPG D19525
by John Smith, published by Alexander Browne, after Nicolas de Largillière
mezzotint, 1686
NPG D19668
by George Vertue, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
line engraving, (1688)
NPG D30796
by Pieter Schenck, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, circa 1690-1718
NPG D19475
by Robert Sheppard, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
line engraving, published 1732
NPG D8037
Related People
- Queen Anne (daughter)
- Anne of Denmark (grandmother)
- Princess Anne (sister)
- Anne Hyde, Duchess of York (wife)
- James Fitzjames, Duke of Berwick upon Tweed (son)
- King Charles I (father)
- King Charles II (brother)
- Prince Charles Edward Stuart (grandson)
- Lady Catherine Darnley (daughter)
- Princess Elizabeth (sister)
- Henry, Duke of Gloucester (brother)
- Isabella Stuart (daughter)
- King James I of England and VI of Scotland (grandfather)
- James Scott, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch (nephew)
- Prince James Francis Edward Stuart (son)
- Princess Louisa Maria Theresa Stuart (daughter)
- Henrietta Maria (mother)
- Queen Mary II (daughter)
- Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (sister)
- Mary of Modena (wife)
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