King Henry VIII; King Henry VII

King Henry VIII; King Henry VII

by Hans Holbein the Younger
ink and watercolour, circa 1536-1537
101 1/2 in. x 54 in. (2578 mm x 1372 mm)
Accepted in lieu of tax by H.M. Government and allocated to the Gallery, 1957
Primary Collection
NPG 4027

Sitters

King Henry VII (1457-1509), Reigned 1485-1509. Sitter associated with 59 portraits.
King Henry VIII (1491-1547), Reigned 1509-47. Sitter associated with 89 portraits.

Artist

Hans Holbein the Younger (1497 or 8-1543). Artist associated with 246 portraits, Sitter associated with 12 portraits.

This Portrait

To commemorate the strength and triumphs of the Tudor dynasty, Henry VIII commissioned from Holbein a wall-painting for Whitehall Palace; this was completed in 1537. The immediate impetus for the commission may have been the birth or the expectation of the birth of Henry's son Edward, later Edward VI, in October 1537. The mural may have been in Henry's Privy Chamber and therefore have had a select, restricted audience rather than being an image of wider propaganda. This very large drawing is the preparatory drawing or cartoon for the left-hand section of that wall-painting, and shows Henry with his father Henry VII, the founder of the dynasty. The right-hand section showed Henry VIII's third wife Jane Seymour (1509?-37) and his mother Elizabeth of York (1465-1503). Holbein's painting was destroyed in the Whitehall Palace fire of 1698, and the cartoon for the right-hand side section is lost. The appearance of the whole painting is however recorded in a mid-seventeenth century copy by Remegius van Leemput in the Royal Collection. The cartoon is executed in black ink and watercolour on several sheets of paper joined together. The figures and faces of the kings are cut-outs pasted on to the backing paper. The cartoon is exactly the same size as the finished painting and was used to transfer Holbein's design to its intended position on the palace wall. To do this the cartoon was pricked along the main outlines of the composition and then fixed in the intended position on the wall. Chalk or charcoal dust was then brushed into the holes made by pricking, thus transferring the outline to the wall. Holbein could then proceed with filling in his design.

Linked Publications

Sound Guide
Tudor Portraits Resource Pack, p. 9
Cooper, John, Visitor's Guide, 2000, p. 13
Cooper, John, A Guide to the National Portrait Gallery, 2009, p. 9
Cooper, Tarnya; foreword by Antonia Fraser, A Guide to Tudor and Jacobean Portraits, 2008, p. 26
Gittings, Clare, The National Portrait Gallery Book of The Tudors, 2006, p. 9
John Cooper, National Portrait Gallery Visitor's Guide, 2006, p. 12
MacLeod, Catharine, Tudor Portraits in the National Portrait Gallery collection, 1996, p. 9
Piper, David, The English Face, 1992, p. 22
Rogers, Malcolm, Master Drawings from the National Portrait Gallery, 1993 (accompanying the exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery from 5 August - 23 October 1994), p. 13
Saywell, David; Simon, Jacob, Complete Illustrated Catalogue, 2004, p. 297
Strong, Roy, Tudor and Jacobean Portraits, 1969, p. 150
Strong, Roy, Tudor and Jacobean Portraits, 1969