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The Great Seal for King James II when Duke of York with heads of King Charles II and King James II

14 of 24 portraits by Thomas Simon

© National Portrait Gallery, London

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The Great Seal for King James II when Duke of York with heads of King Charles II and King James II

by Thomas Simon
line engraving, 1665
8 1/8 in. x 5 7/8 in. (205 mm x 150 mm) paper size
Purchased with help from the Friends of the National Libraries and the Pilgrim Trust, 1966
Reference Collection
NPG D18588

Sittersback to top

  • King Charles II (1630-1685), Reigned 1660-85. Sitter associated with 295 portraits.
  • King James II (1633-1701), Reigned 1685-88. Sitter associated with 134 portraits.

Artistback to top

  • Thomas Simon (1618-1665), Engraver. Artist or producer associated with 24 portraits, Sitter in 1 portrait.

Events of 1665back to top

Current affairs

Great Plague initially breaks out in the deprived parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields killing thousands. Humphrey Henchman, Bishop of London, takes a leading role in organising collections of money for the poor.
Five Mile Act forbids ejected clergymen from living within five miles of a parish they formerly served.

Art and science

A New Discourse of Trade, written by Sir Josiah Child, outspokenly advocates for the advantages of free trade.
The first issue of the Royal Society's scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions, is edited by Henry Oldenburg, the Society's Secretary.

International

Second Anglo-Dutch War. Despite England's resounding victory at the first naval encounter, the Battle of Lowestoft, failure to seize the valuable Dutch East Indies fleet by Admiral Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich, and subsequent Dutch victory at the battle at Vågen, were considerable setbacks for the English.

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