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Francis Robert Raines

6 of 6 portraits by John Clowes Grundy

© National Portrait Gallery, London

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Francis Robert Raines

by James John Chant, published by John Clowes Grundy, after Charles Mercier
mezzotint, published 1 May 1859
18 3/8 in. x 14 5/8 in. (466 mm x 372 mm) plate size; 20 7/8 in. x 15 3/4 in. (529 mm x 399 mm) paper size
Purchased with help from the Friends of the National Libraries and the Pilgrim Trust, 1966
Reference Collection
NPG D39184

Sitterback to top

Artistsback to top

  • James John Chant (1819 or 1820-active 1883), Engraver. Artist or producer associated with 13 portraits.
  • John Clowes Grundy (1806-1867), Printseller, publisher and art patron. Artist or producer associated with 6 portraits, Sitter in 1 portrait.
  • Charles Mercier (1834-1901), Painter. Artist or producer associated with 7 portraits.

Related worksback to top

  • NPG D39183: Francis Robert Raines (from same plate)

Events of 1859back to top

Current affairs

Formation of the first Liberal cabinet, following the dissolution of Parliament in light of the Liberal and opposition member Lord Russell's introduction of a resolution arguing for widening the franchise, carried because the Conservatives, the ruling party, only have a minority. Palmerston holds a meeting of Whigs, Peelites and Radicals, from which the Liberal Party is formed, and the Queen later invites him to become Prime Minister.

Art and science

Charles Darwin's The Origin of the Species is published, in which he sets out his theory of evolution based on the process of natural selection, species mutation, and survival of the fittest.
The engineer Joseph Bazalgette begins work on constructing the London sewerage system, following the 'Big Stink' of the preceding summer. Bazalgette's system, now extended, continues to serve London.

International

Outbreak of war between an alliance of France and Italian nationalists, and Austria. Napoleon III signs an armistice with Austria. However, pressure from Britain, supporting Italian unification to counterweight French and Austrian influence, leads to success for Italian nationalists.
The first oil well is drilled in America, after Edwin Drake's discovery in Titusville, Pennsylvania, transforming a quiet farming region into Oil Creek.

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