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Whigs


The history of the Whigs in British politics is long and varied, starting with their emergence as a political faction in 1678. The term itself was first used in British politics during the 1678-1681 Exclusion Bill crises, where a strong party came forward to dispute the crowning of Roman Catholic king, James II. Although often separated into many different group affiliations such as Bedfordites, Rockingham Whigs, and Chathamites, named after their various leaders, the Whigs were united by their representative colours of orange, blue and buff and their key policies. These included a firm opposition to absolute rule, particularly by a Roman Catholic (which they saw as a threat to religious freedom and civil liberties and a threat to protectionist foreign trade laws). As their popularity rose and fell with the changing royal powers, the Whigs evolved to suit the times, using some of their strongest leaders, such as Robert Walpole, to maintain their particular breed of anti-Tory political control. It was, however, one of their most well known off-shoots, the Junto Whigs, whose radical views led to a split, and an eventual merge of the Junto Whigs with the Conservative party in the 1680s. The reign of George I saw Whig supremacy in parliament, as the Tory Jacobites were expelled from parliament. George III's accession saw a joining of disputed factions to form the 'Old' and 'New' Whigs, under Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham and Lord Chatham respectively. Opposition to Prime Minister William Pitt lost the Whigs seats during the 1790s, but they had a lasting impact in the implementation of parliamentary reform acts regarding slavery and the Poor Laws in the 1830s. The Whigs were formally merged into a new coalition liberal party with the Peelites in 1859, and their final dissolution came in 1868.

John Philpotts

John Philpotts

1775-1849
Mayor of Gloucester and Whig politician; MP for Gloucester
Sitter in 1 portrait
William Pinney

William Pinney

1806-1898
Politician; MP for Lyme Regis
Sitter in 2 portraits
William Pitt

William Pitt

1759-1806
Prime Minister
Sitter associated with 174 portraits
Philip Pleydell-Bouverie

Philip Pleydell-Bouverie

1788-1872
Banker and politician; MP for Cockermouth, Downton and Berkshire
Sitter associated with 1 portrait
William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland

William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland

1738-1809
Prime Minister
Sitter associated with 32 portraits
William Stephen Poyntz

William Stephen Poyntz

circa 1769-1840
Politician; MP for St Albans, Chichester and Ashburton
Sitter in 1 portrait
John Charles Ramsden

John Charles Ramsden

1788-1836
Politician; MP for Malton and Yorkshire
Sitter in 1 portrait
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox

Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox

1735-1806
Field Marshal, ambassador to France and politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department
Sitter in 28 portraits
Richard Rigby

Richard Rigby

1722-1788
Politician; MP for several constituencies
Sitter in 1 portrait
Cuthbert Rippon

Cuthbert Rippon

1797-1867
Politician; MP for Gateshead
Sitter in 1 portrait
George Richard Robinson

George Richard Robinson

1781-1850
Politician; MP for Worcester
Sitter in 1 portrait
Sir Samuel Romilly

Sir Samuel Romilly

1757-1818
Solicitor-General and law reformer
Sitter in 8 portraits
Henry Robert Westenra, 3rd Baron Rossmore

Henry Robert Westenra, 3rd Baron Rossmore

1792-1860
Politician; MP for Monaghan
Sitter in 1 portrait
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell

John Russell, 1st Earl Russell

1792-1878
Prime Minister and writer; ex-officio Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery
Sitter associated with 249 portraits
Lord Charles James Fox Russell

Lord Charles James Fox Russell

1807-1894
Soldier and politician; MP for Bedfordshire
Sitter in 4 portraits
William Congreve Russell

William Congreve Russell

1778-1850
Politician; MP for Worcestershire East
Sitter in 1 portrait
George Sackville Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville

George Sackville Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville

1716-1785
Soldier and statesman
Sitter associated with 18 portraits
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

1718-1792
First Lord of the Admiralty
Sitter associated with 25 portraits
Arthur Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys

Arthur Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys

1798-1863
Politician; MP for Newry and Evesham
Sitter in 3 portraits
Edward Ayshford Sanford

Edward Ayshford Sanford

1794-1871
Landowner and politician; MP for Somerset West
Sitter in 2 portraits
Sir George Savile, 8th Bt

Sir George Savile, 8th Bt

1726-1784
Politician; MP for Yorkshire
Sitter in 4 portraits
John Sawbridge

John Sawbridge

1732?-1795
Lord Mayor of London
Sitter in 12 portraits
Sir Edward Dolman Scott, 2nd Bt

Sir Edward Dolman Scott, 2nd Bt

1793-1851
Politician; MP for Lichfield
Sitter in 1 portrait
James Winter Scott

James Winter Scott

1799-1873
Politician; MP for Hampshire North
Sitter in 1 portrait
Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Shannon

Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Shannon

1809-1868
Irish politician; MP for Cork
Sitter in 3 portraits
Matthew Sharpe

Matthew Sharpe

1773-1845
General and politician; MP for Dumfries
Sitter in 1 portrait
Charles Shaw-Lefevre

Charles Shaw-Lefevre

1759-1823
Politician; MP for Newtown (Isle of Wight) and Reading
Sitter in 1 portrait
Richard Brinsley Sheridan

Richard Brinsley Sheridan

1751-1816
Dramatist and parliamentary orator
Sitter associated with 168 portraits
Sydney Smith

Sydney Smith

1771-1845
Wit and Canon of St Paul's
Sitter in 9 portraits
George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer

George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer

1758-1834
First Lord of the Admiralty
Sitter associated with 31 portraits
John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer

John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer

1782-1845
Whig statesman
Sitter associated with 66 portraits
Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer

Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer

1798-1857
Politician; MP for Midhurst
Sitter in 3 portraits
Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford

Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford

1721-1803
Politician; Lord Privy Seal
Sitter in 6 portraits
John Hamilton Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair

John Hamilton Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair

1819-1903
Governor of the Bank of Scotland and politician; MP for County Wigtownshire
Sitter associated with 3 portraits
Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope

Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope

1753-1816
Scientist and politician; MP for Wycombe
Sitter associated with 46 portraits
Sir George Thomas Staunton, 2nd Bt

Sir George Thomas Staunton, 2nd Bt

1781-1859
Traveller, orientalist and politician: MP for Mitchell, Hampshire South and Portsmouth
Sitter in 3 portraits
Thomas Kitchingman Staveley

Thomas Kitchingman Staveley

1791-1860
Politician; MP for Ripon
Sitter in 1 portrait