King James II
(1633-1701), Reigned 1685-88Later Stuart Portraits Catalogue Entry
Sitter associated with 134 portraits
James II became king in 1685 as his brother Charles II left no legitimate heir. Before inheriting the throne, James took an active role in politics. He championed English commercial interests, becoming governor of the Royal Fisheries Company and the Royal Africa Company which had a monopoly over the trade in enslaved Africans across the Atlantic. A convert to Roman Catholicism ruling a largely Protestant population, he advocated greater tolerance towards Catholics in his Declaration of Indulgence of 1687. When the Archbishop of Canterbury and six bishops requested he reconsider, they were arrested. In 1688, a group of Protestant nobles asked William, Prince of Orange to come to England with an army. James fled to France, where he lived in exile for the rest of his life, while William of Orange and his wife Mary, James's Protestant daughter, reigned in Britain.
Five Children of King Charles I
after Sir Anthony van Dyck
oil on canvas, 17th century, based on a work of 1637
NPG 267
by Cornelius Johnson (Cornelius Janssen van Ceulen)
oil on panel, 1639
NPG 5104
Anne Hyde, Duchess of York; King James II
by Sir Peter Lely
oil on canvas, circa 1661-1662
NPG 5077
by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
oil on canvas, 1684
NPG 666
after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
watercolour on vellum on card, based on a work of 1684
NPG 6277
by Unknown artist
terracotta bust, 1685-1688
NPG 5869
by Unknown artist
oil on canvas, circa 1690
NPG 366
'The Kings and Queens of England: From the Conquest to Queen Victoria'
by Henry Hering
albumen carte-de-visite photomontage, 1862
NPG Ax131392
after Unknown artist
line engraving, mid 17th century
NPG D29311
probably by William Faithorne, after Cornelius Johnson (Cornelius Janssen van Ceulen)
line engraving, late 1630s-1640s
NPG D22819
published by Edward Cooper, after Sir Anthony van Dyck
mezzotint, (1637)
NPG D26448
by Unknown artist
etching, late 1630s
NPG D18563
by William Faithorne
line engraving, 1640s-1650s
NPG D22794
after Sir Peter Lely
line engraving and etching, 1650s?
NPG D18565
after Charles Wautier (Wautiers, Woutiers)
line engraving, 1650s?
NPG D18567
by Pieter de Jode II, after Charles Wautier (Wautiers, Woutiers)
line engraving, 1650s?
NPG D18568
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1650s-1660s
NPG D18570
after Charles Wautier (Wautiers, Woutiers)
line engraving, 1650s?
NPG D18569
Royall History Compleated 1660
by Unknown artist
line engraving, published circa 1660
NPG D22745
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1660s-1670s
NPG D18573
The Great Seal for King James II when Duke of York with heads of King Charles II and King James II
by Thomas Simon
line engraving, 1665
NPG D18588
sold by John Clark
line engraving, late 17th century
NPG D29269
by Robert Williams, after Samuel Cooper, published by Edward Cooper
mezzotint, late 17th century
NPG D29401
after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, late 17th century
NPG D30785
by and published by Johannes Willemsz ('Jan') van Munnickhuysen, after Unknown artist
mezzotint, late 17th century
NPG D30799
by Robert White
line engraving, late 17th century
NPG D30801
by and published by John Smith, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, late 17th century
NPG D31060
by Robert White, printed and sold by John King
line engraving, late 17th century
NPG D10653
by George Vertue, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, late 17th century
NPG D30786
by Wenceslaus Hollar
etching, circa 1670
NPG D18564
after Adriaen van der Werff
line and stipple engraving, late 17th century
NPG D18576
after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
etching, late 17th century
NPG D18578
after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
line engraving, late 17th century
NPG D18579
after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
line engraving, late 17th century
NPG D18580
by Robert White, published by John Overton
line engraving, circa 1675-1700
NPG D19485
published by Nicolaes Visscher II
engraving, circa 1675-1700
NPG D19924
after Unknown artist
line engraving, published 1679
NPG D18571
after Unknown artist
line engraving, published 1679
NPG D18572
The Five Eldest Children of King Charles I
published by Alexander Browne, after Sir Anthony van Dyck
mezzotint, circa 1680-1684 (1637)
NPG D11400
King James II when Duke of York
published by Alexander Browne, after Sir Peter Lely
mezzotint, circa 1680-1684
NPG D11410
published by Isaac Beckett
mezzotint, circa 1681-1688
NPG D11822
by Leonardus Henricus van Otteren, after Unknown artist
line engraving, circa 1684
NPG D18566
King James II when Duke of York
published by Alexander Browne, after Sir Peter Lely
mezzotint, circa 1684
NPG D18698
by and published by Arnold van Westerhout, after Unknown artist
etching and line engraving, 1685
NPG D32728
published by Henri Bonnart, and published by Nicoló Billy, after Unknown artist
etching, circa 1685-1688
NPG D32729
by Samuel Moore
line engraving, circa 1685
NPG D32730
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1685-1688
NPG D30783
by Pieter Schenck, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, circa 1685-1688
NPG D7864
by Pieter Schenck, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
mezzotint, circa 1685-1688
NPG D7865
by Gerard Valck, after Sir Peter Lely
mezzotint, circa 1685-1688
NPG D7866
by Pieter Schenck, after Unknown artist
mezzotint, circa 1685-1688
NPG D8429
by Robert Williams, published by Edward Cooper, after Willem Wissing
mezzotint, circa 1685
NPG D11959
by Nicolas Arnoult, after Antoine Dieu
line and stipple engraving, 1685-1688
NPG D18574
by Nicolas Arnoult, after Antoine Dieu
line and stipple engraving, 1685-1688
NPG D18575
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1685-1688
NPG D18577
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1685-1688
NPG D18582
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1685-1694
NPG D18584
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1685-1694
NPG D18583
after Unknown artist
line engraving, 1685-1688
NPG D18587
Related People
- Queen Anne (daughter)
- Anne of Denmark (grandmother)
- Princess Anne (sister)
- Anne Hyde, Duchess of York (wife)
- James Fitzjames, Duke of Berwick upon Tweed (son)
- King Charles I (father)
- King Charles II (brother)
- Prince Charles Edward Stuart (grandson)
- Lady Catherine Darnley (daughter)
- Princess Elizabeth (sister)
- Henry, Duke of Gloucester (brother)
- Isabella Stuart (daughter)
- King James I of England and VI of Scotland (grandfather)
- James Scott, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch (nephew)
- Prince James Francis Edward Stuart (son)
- Princess Louisa Maria Theresa Stuart (daughter)
- Henrietta Maria (mother)
- Queen Mary II (daughter)
- Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (sister)
- Mary of Modena (wife)
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