Winifred Raphael
(1898-1978), Occupational psychologistSitter in 1 portrait
by Bassano Ltd
bromide print, July 1937
NPG x84544
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Elizabeth Valentine
15 August 2021, 15:20
Winifred Raphael (nee Spielman)(1898--1978) was an occupational psychologist, employed at the National Institute of Industrial Psychology from 1922--1961. She pioneered the use of attitude surveys in the 1930s, extending them to hospital settings in her retirement. The Royal College of Nursing instituted an annual Winifred Raphael Memorial Lecture in 1981, continuing to this day.