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Gillray's relationship with the art establishment was strained. He aimed to make a career in reproductive engraving, but he was rejected by print publishers such as John Boydell. Gillray also resented the lowly status accorded to engravers by the Royal Academy, which did not permit them full membership. In Shakespeare sacrificed; - or - the offering to avarice (D13069) for example, he attacks both targets: Gillray suggests that greed rather than patriotism lay behind Boydell's establishment of a Shakespeare Gallery, a project to which he had not been invited to contribute; the print also includes a number of digs at the Royal Academy, such as the boy with the palette excluding the boy with an engraver's burin from the charmed circle.

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'The golden pippin', possibly by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D12956

'The golden pippin'

possibly by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 9 February 1783
NPG D12956

William Pitt ('The Minister endeavouring to eke out Dr Pr*ty***n's bisho-prick'), by James Gillray, published by  R. Phillips - NPG D12357

William Pitt ('The Minister endeavouring to eke out Dr Pr*ty***n's bisho-prick')

by James Gillray, published by R. Phillips
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published March 1787
NPG D12357

William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne (Lord Shelburne), by James Gillray, published by  R. Phillips - NPG D12358

William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne (Lord Shelburne)

by James Gillray, published by R. Phillips
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 12 March 1787
NPG D12358

'The board of controul, or the blessings of a Scotch dictator', by James Gillray, published by  R. Phillips - NPG D12359

'The board of controul, or the blessings of a Scotch dictator'

by James Gillray, published by R. Phillips
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 20 March 1787
NPG D12359

Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville ('Dun-Shaw'), by James Gillray, published by  Samuel William Fores - NPG D12375

Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville ('Dun-Shaw')

by James Gillray, published by Samuel William Fores
hand-coloured etching, aquatint and soft-ground etching, published 7 March 1788
NPG D12375

'Camera-obscura', by James Gillray, published by  Samuel William Fores - NPG D12380

'Camera-obscura'

by James Gillray, published by Samuel William Fores
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 9 March 1788
NPG D12380

'State-jugglers', by James Gillray, published by  Samuel William Fores - NPG D12381

'State-jugglers'

by James Gillray, published by Samuel William Fores
hand-coloured etching, published 16 May 1788
NPG D12381

'Neddy's black box' (King George IV; King Charles I (head of); Edmund Burke; Richard Brinsley Sheridan), by Thomas Rowlandson, published by  Samuel William Fores - NPG D12397

'Neddy's black box' (King George IV; King Charles I (head of); Edmund Burke; Richard Brinsley Sheridan)

by Thomas Rowlandson, published by Samuel William Fores
hand-coloured etching, published 30 January 1789
NPG D12397

Edward Thurlow, Baron Thurlow, by James Gillray, published by  James Aitken - NPG D12971

Edward Thurlow, Baron Thurlow

by James Gillray, published by James Aitken
hand-coloured etching, published 27 June 1789
NPG D12971

Richard Brinsley Sheridan, by James Gillray, published by  James Aitken - NPG D12974

Richard Brinsley Sheridan

by James Gillray, published by James Aitken
hand-coloured etching, published 29 June 1789
NPG D12974

'Shakespeare sacrificed; - or - the offering to avarice' (John Boydell), by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D13069

'Shakespeare sacrificed; - or - the offering to avarice' (John Boydell)

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 20 June 1789
NPG D13069

'Wierd sisters; ministers of darkness; minions of the moon', by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D12436

'Wierd sisters; ministers of darkness; minions of the moon'

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 23 December 1791
NPG D12436

Charles James Fox ('Design for the new gallery of busts and pictures'), by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D12443

Charles James Fox ('Design for the new gallery of busts and pictures')

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 17 March 1792
NPG D12443

'The death of the Great Wolf', by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D12551

'The death of the Great Wolf'

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching and engraving, published 17 December 1795
NPG D12551

'A peep at Christies; - or - tally-ho, and his Nimeny-pimmeney taking the morning lounge', by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D12577

'A peep at Christies; - or - tally-ho, and his Nimeny-pimmeney taking the morning lounge'

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, engraving and aquatint, published 24 September 1796
NPG D12577

John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich ('Sandwich-carrots! - dainty sandwich-carrots'), by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D12587

John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich ('Sandwich-carrots! - dainty sandwich-carrots')

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 3 December 1796
NPG D12587

'Titianus Redivivus; - or - the seven-wise-men consulting the new Venetian oracle', by James Gillray, published by  Hannah Humphrey - NPG D13085

'Titianus Redivivus; - or - the seven-wise-men consulting the new Venetian oracle'

by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 2 November 1797
NPG D13085