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34 portraits matching these criteria:
- subject matching 'National stereotypes'
Gillray made extensive use of national stereotypes, as have humorists of all types before and since. His John Bull is often not the symbol of English national pride familiar from the late nineteenth and twentieth century, but a stolid and sometimes unintelligent man, easily taken advantage of by politicians. Opening of the budget; - or - John Bull giving his breeches to save his bacon (D12583), for example, refers to the tax demands placed on John Bull due to the war with France. Gillray was unafraid of targeting fellow Britons: his Sawney in the bog-house (D12978) is a particularly unpleasant image of the stereotyped uncouth Scot; and he also had an established cast of characters to represent European foreigners.
by James Gillray, published by Mrs Holt
hand-coloured etching, published 4 June 1779
NPG D12978
by James Gillray, published by William Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 4 January 1780
NPG D12283
'John Bull, in a quandary' (Lord John Townshend; Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood)
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 31 July 1788
NPG D12389
'John-Bull, baited by the dogs of excise'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 9 April 1790
NPG D12408
probably by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 25 June 1791
NPG D12421
by James Gillray, published by Samuel William Fores
hand-coloured etching, published 4 July 1791
NPG D13073
William Pitt ('John Bull bother'd; - or - the geese alarming the capitol')
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching and aquatint, published 19 December 1792
NPG D12465
'French liberty British slavery'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 21 December 1792
NPG D12466
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 20 September 1792
NPG D13013
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 3 June 1793
NPG D12476
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 1 June 1795
NPG D12527
William Pitt ('Blindmans-buff - or - too many for John Bull')
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 12 June 1795
NPG D12531
William Pitt ('The British butcher, supplying John Bull with a substitute for bread')
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 6 July 1795
NPG D12541
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 20 April 1796
NPG D12566
'The wine duty; - or - the triumph of Bacchus & Silenus; with John Bulls remonstrance'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 20 April 1796
NPG D12567
'Opening of the budget; - or - John Bull giving his breeches to save his bacon'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 17 November 1796
NPG D12583
'Begging no robbery; - ie - voluntary contribution; - or - John Bull escaping a forced loan'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 10 December 1796
NPG D12588
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 25 January 1796
NPG D13021
'Bank-notes, - paper-money, - French-alarmists, - o, the devil, the devil! - ah! poor John Bull!!!'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 1 March 1797
NPG D12601
'Le bonnet-rouge; - or - John Bull evading the hat tax'
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
hand-coloured etching, published 5 April 1797
NPG D12607