Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk

Overview
Extended Catalogue Entry

by Thomas Gainsborough
oil on canvas, 1784-1786
91 1/2 in. x 60 in. (2324 mm x 1524 mm)
Accepted in lieu of tax by H.M. Government and allocated to the Gallery, 1980
Primary Collection
NPG 5294

Sitterback to top

Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk (1746-1815), Politician; MP for Carlise and Arundel. Sitter associated with 55 portraits.

Artistback to top

Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788), Portrait and landscape painter. Artist associated with 263 portraits, Sitter in 8 portraits.

Linked publicationsback to top

Ingamells, John, National Portrait Gallery: Mid-Georgian Portraits 1760-1790, 2004, p. 361
Norfolk, Gwendolen Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of, Arundel Castle, 1913, p. 14 (opposite)
Pointon, Marcia, Hanging the head : portraiture and social formation in eighteenth-¿century England, 1993, p. 24 number 35
Saywell, David; Simon, Jacob, Complete Illustrated Catalogue, 2004, p. 461

Subjects & Themesback to top

Events of 1784back to top

Current affairs

Theatre proprietor and postal reformer John Palmer runs the first mail coach in England, between Bristol and London. A three day journey is now completed in 16 hours.
Commutation Act reduces punitive duties on tea to combat smuggling.

Art and science

Aeronaut James Sadler makes the first hot air balloon flight in Britain, from Oxford to Woodeaton.
Chemist Henry Cavendish's paper Experiments on Air reveals the composition of water.
Writer Samuel Johnson dies.
Joshua Reynolds succeeds Allan Ramsay as Painter to the King.

International

Thomas Jefferson's Land Ordinance passed by the United States' Continental Congress, coming into effect the following year. It allows for the sale of land in the largely unmapped west of the country.
Britain receives its first bales of cotton from the United States since before the War of American Independence.
William Pitt's India Act creates a Board of Control to oversee the affairs of the British East India Company and centralise power.

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