Pamela Frances Audrey Bulwer-Lytton (née Chichele-Plowden), Countess of Lytton
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Pamela Frances Audrey Bulwer-Lytton (née Chichele-Plowden), Countess of Lytton
after Violet Manners, Duchess of Rutland
lithograph, 1900 or before
15 in. x 11 in. (380 mm x 280 mm) paper size
Purchased, 1971
Reference Collection
NPG D23385
Sitterback to top
- Pamela Frances Audrey Bulwer-Lytton (née Chichele-Plowden), Countess of Lytton (1873 or 1874-1971), Society beauty; wife of 2nd Earl of Lytton; daughter of Sir Trevor John Chichele-Plowden. Sitter in 3 portraits.
Artistback to top
- (Marion Margaret) Violet Manners (née Lindsay), Duchess of Rutland (1856-1937), Artist; wife of 8th Duke of Rutland. Artist or producer associated with 71 portraits, Sitter in 12 portraits.
Events of 1900back to top
Current affairs
The Conservatives return to power, after the Prime Minister Lord Salisbury calls a general election, known as the 'Khaki election', on the back of huge jingoistic support for the Boer War.The Labour Representation Committee (LRC) is founded from a coalition of socialist groups; they win two seats in the 1900 election and Ramsay Macdonald is appointed secretary. The Labour politician Keir Hardie is also returned to Parliament for Merthyr Tydfilin Wales.
Art and science
German physicist Max Planck proposes the concept of the quantum theory. Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is published. In the text, Freud outlines his theory of dream analysis, crucial to the study of the unconscious, and introduces key concepts in psychoanalysis, such as the Ego.The Paris International Exhibition, attended by more than 50 million people and including over 76,000 exhibitors, marks the heyday of Art Nouveau.
International
In China the Boxer rebellion takes place. The Boxers were anti-imperialist and against foreign influence in trade, religion, politics and technology in the final years of the Manchu rule. The Boxers invade Beijing, killing 230 foreigners and Chinese Christians. The rebellion is suppressed by a multinational coalition of 20,000 troops, with China being forced to pay large war reparations, contributing to growing nationalist resentment against the Qing dynasty.Comments back to top
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