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Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart, Cardinal York

5 of 10 portraits of Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart, Cardinal York

© National Portrait Gallery, London

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Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart, Cardinal York

by Gioacchimo Hamerani
silver medal, 1788
2 1/8 in. (54 mm) diameter
Given by Reginald Stubbs, 1935
Primary Collection
NPG 2784

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This silver medal was struck in the year of the death of Cardinal York's brother, Prince Charles Stuart, the Young Pretender. Its iconography, suggesting the abandonment of all earthly things, is perhaps relevant. It was produced by Gioacchimo Hamerani, the last of the long line of Hamerani medallists who worked at the Papal mint for nearly two centuries. The front depicts York as Cardinal, lettered round the rim as King Henry IX. The reverse shows a figure of Religion holding a bible and cross, a lion with a cardinal's hat and a crown at her feet, and in the background St Peter's, the Tiber and Calvary. More detailed information on this portrait is available in a National Portrait Gallery collection catalogue, John Kerslake's Early Georgian Portraits (1977, out of print).

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Current affairs

Parliament begins an investigation into the slave trade, led by reformers Thomas Clarkson and William Wilberforce.
Regency Crisis; George III's madness is announced provoking a political storm.
Former Governor-General of Bengal Warren Hastings' trial begins before the House of Lords.
Henry Benedict Stuart becomes the new Stuart claimant to the British throne.

Art and science

Artist Thomas Gainsborough dies.
First edition of The Times newspaper is published in London.
Scottish engineer and inventor William Symington demonstrates the first paddle steamer on Dalswinton Loch near Dumfries.
Robert Burns writes his version of the Scots poem Auld Lang Syne.

International

Ministers of the French King, Louis XVI, reluctantly announce that the Estates General will meet the following year, for the first time since 1614.
United States constitution comes into force when New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify it.
First Fleet reaches Australia, anchoring in Botany Bay. Arthur Phillip, selecting a suitable site for the first Australian penal colony, names the place Sydney Cove.

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